Just a few things about wolves that might just help you in your PRing ;3

Wolf Packs
-Wolves usually live in packs, although in some cases, they may be excluded, henceforth, being loners. If they are in packs, many of them are related, although there are those who are not. The alpha pair are the top two wolves, who usually chose decisions in the pack. The other wolves listen to what they have to say, or they may rebel, and challenge the alphas.

-Pack sizes may vary to 2 wolves, or as many as 30 wolves, sometimes even more. It all depends on the births, and pack types. Red wolf packs tend to be very small, normally 2 to 8 wolfs, and in rare cases, 14 wolves. Gray wolf packs living in places like Canada and Alaska are the ones which carry 30 wolves.

-Sizes of territories, like the amount of wolves in a pack, are variable. Gray wolf territories in Minnesota range from about 25 to 150 square miles, while territories in Alaska and Canada can range from about 300 to 1,000 square miles. Red wolf territories can be from 10 to 100 square miles.

Births
-Depending on what breed the wolf is, they can breed anytime between January to April. Red wolves will normally breed sometime between January to February, gray wolves breed between February to March and arctic wolves will breed slightly later in March to April.

-Normally, it takes around 63 days until a female wolf will give birth, unless the pups are pre-mature.

-The amount of pups born per female depends on the ready source of prey. An average size would be 3 to 6 pups, but if there is less food, many will die.

-The weight of the pups depend on their breed, and how much nutrition the female has been getting. An average size for a gray wolf whelp is about a pound, while red wolf whelps are even smaller.

Older wolves
-Depending on where a wolf has been living, and how much their food intake is, their weight can be very diverse. Female gray wolves in places like Minnesota can weigh between 50 and 85 pounds, and adult males between 70 and 110 pounds. In Canada, and Alaska, adult males weigh 85 to 115 pounds, sometimes a little more.

-The average high of a female gray wolf from the tip of her nose to the end of her tail is around 4.5 to 6 feet. Adult males are around 5 to 6.5 feet. The average high at the shoulder of a gray wolf would be around 26 to 32 inches. Red wolves tend to be somewhat smaller in size.

-Adult wolves have 42, very sharp teeth.

Diets
-Wolves in the north mainly eat hoofed mammals such as white-tailed deer, mule deer, moose, elk, caribou, bison, Dall sheep, musk oxen, and mountain goat. Other times, they will eat medium sized mammals, such as beaver and snowshoe hare. Sometimes, wolves may eat birds or small mammals.

-Many wolves are able to survive on only 2 and a half pounds of food a day, although it's healthy for a wolf to eat 5 pounds of food a day, not only for a stronger, healthier wolf, but for better reproduction. They can eat up to 22.5 pounds of food in one sitting.

Lifespan
-In the wild, a wolf's average lifespan is from 6 to 14 years, and in captive, they can live as long as 16 years.

-Wolves can die from many things. Usually, it's from starvation, which affects pups the most, and fights over territories tend to take out many wolves. Disease such as mange and canine parvovirus can also kill wolves, but it's not one of the big problems. Injuries from prey can also be the cause of death. Human-caused mortality can be high in some populations. Pup death rates are variable, but around 40 to 60% of wolf pups die each year.

Traveling
-Wolves can travel at a steady rate at the speed of 5 miles per hour, although they can get up to 35 miles per hour for short periods of time.

-In search for food, wolves are known to travel 10 to 30 miles each day. Sometimes, when looking for a mate, they have been known to travel distances of 550 miles away form their home territory.

Communication
-Wolves use 3 different types of language: Sound, including howling, barking, whimpering and growling. Scents, including urine, pheromones and scats. Body Language, including facial expressions, body positions and movements.

-Wolves communicate in a similar way that dogs do.

-Although it may look like it, wolves do not howl to the moon. They're actually communicating long distance. Do howl in the day, but sometimes, it's easier to hear them at night, when the wind dies down.

Other pack info
-Wolves use body language to convey the rules of the pack. Wolf packs are made of leaders and followers. The leaders are the alpha pair, usually the largest, strongest and most intelligent wolves in the pack. Anyone can become an alpha. All they need to do is find an unclaimed territory and a mate. It's rare for a wolf to take over the position of a missing alpha, or kill one of the alphas, and usurps its mate, although it does happen.

-The alpha male and female are the dominant wolves (leaders) in the pack. To show their dominance over the rest of the pack, they carry their tails high and stand tall; make themselves look bigger. The less dominant and submissive wolves will hold their tails down, and often lower their body, and paw at the more dominant wolf.

-There are only two types of submissive behavior: Active submission and passive submission. Active submission is when a wolf crouches, licks the higher ranking wolf's muzzle, or tuck their tails under them. This is usually what a pup would show to an older wolf. Passive submission is when a wolf will expose their vulnerable parts, like their stomach area for the dominating wolf. When two wolves have a disagreement, or an argument, they will growl, and slow their teeth, but the submissive one will back off before a fight begins.

-To convey different emotions, wolves will use different body languages. If they are angry, they will perk their ears straight up, and bare their teeth. If they are scared, they will flatten their ears back, against their head. When wolves are suspicious, they will pull their ears black, slightly, and squint their eyes. When wolves want to play, they will jump about, and bow, bending their front into a lying position, while their rear end sticks high up into the air.

Breeds of wolves
-Red Wolves: And endangered species. Not too many around. They normally have short, red fur. They are usually smaller than most wolves

-Gray wolves: The most common of wolves. They live in many places, although preferring the northern areas. They have medium to long fur, which is a mix of brown, grey, black and white. These are one of the bigger wolves

-Arctic wolves: These wolves live way up north, in places such as the Arctic. They have long, white fur. Arctic wolves are medium in size.

-Melville Island Wolf: A variation of the Arctic wolf, only found on the arctic islands from Melville Island to Ellesmere Island.

-Mexican Wolf: A smaller variation of the gray wolf. They usually have darkly colored, short fur. They live in the Sierra Madre and the surrounding region of western Mexico.

-Eastern timber wolf: These large wolves are one of the most common. They cover a good part of eastern US, and have medium length fur in every color.

-Great Plains Wolf, Buffalo Wolf, Loafer: Although they are called many names, they are still the same breed. The buffalo wolf live mainly in Canada and northern Texas. Like the timber wolf, they come in many colors.

-Mackenzie Valley Wolf: These wolves live in upper Mackenzie River Valley southward into Alberta. They are one of the largest wolves in North America. Their colors range from black, to almost pure white.

-Coyotes: Although they seem like wolves, they aren’t really. Very close in relation though.

Eye color
-Wolves usually have yellow-ish colored eyes. Others have brown eyes, and few have blue or green eyes.

Ranks
-There are 3 main ranks in a wolf pack. Alpha: The strongest, and most important pair. Beta: Second to the alpha's. Omega: The lowest position giving in a wolf pack. There are no official names for the wolves in between, but in Ravaged, there have been ranks that were added.


Credits: Myra Everset and google search. All things were researched, and then written in her own words